Know

The children you care for need daily opportunities to participate in activities that help them learn new skills, and practice existing skills, in a fun, stimulating, and supportive environment (your home). Children develop social-emotional skills in the context of their relationships with their primary caregivers—including you as their child care provider—and within their family and culture. Children’s social-emotional development affects their ability to have successful school and life outcomes. During your daily activities and routines, you can embed opportunities to enhance children’s social-emotional learning.

嵌入社会情感发展的机会

故意嵌入社会情感发展机会的第一步是了解你关心的所有孩子。这涉及观察它们。您可能想写一些关于他们的兴趣的注释，他们与同龄人的互动，他们表达情绪的能力。当您了解孩子时，您可以使用这些信息来思考他们可以享受的活动以及如何促进社交技能和友谊的发展。想一想：

• 您希望提供哪些经验，以支持儿童学会自我规范的能力？
• 如何将社会情感学习纳入日程安排和惯例？yabo电子游艺
• 您如何制作支持社会发展的零食时间和午餐日常规则？

You serve as a model for children in how you express your own feelings. Placing a feeling chart in your child care area can be helpful when talking about feelings. The National Center for Pyramid Model Innovations (which merged with the Technical Assistance Center on Social Emotional Intervention) offers Teaching Tools for Young Children with Challenging Behaviors including examples of feeling charts that you could usehttps://challengingbehavior.cbcs.usf.edu/Pyramid/pbs/TTYC/index.html(see the “Feeling Vocabulary” section) Here is an example of a feelings chart you could use in your own program.

Addressing the Social-Emotional Needs of All Children

您可能会在您的家庭儿童保育环境中遇到有特殊需求，发展延误或可能会遇到挑亚慱彩票APP战生活事件或情况的儿童保育环境。这些挑战可能会影响孩子与成年人和同龄人的积极社会互动的能力。重要的是为儿童提供他们所需的支持，因此他们可以从早期的护理和教育经历中尽可能多地受益。

对于一些孩子，您需要与家庭，分享观察和文件密切合作，也许与他们的家庭联系的机构或学区的顾问合作。具有特殊需求的婴儿或幼儿可能有一个个人家庭服务计划（IFSP），用于描述儿童和家庭的所有特殊服务。幼儿亚慱彩票园或具有特殊需求的学龄儿童可能有一个个人教育计划（IEP），通常涉及基于学校的特殊服务和支持。具有特殊需求的儿童通常需要更改或适应材料，环境和惯例。他们也可能有特定的行为计划，你和他们的父母需要仔细实施和监控。如果您预计为有特殊需求或发育延误的儿童实施任何个人社会或情感行为策略，您将帮助您的家人帮助您收到任何特定的培训或支持。

Recognize that some children you care for may be dealing with challenging life circumstances. Such challenges may require intensive services. You help children build resilience to deal with stressful life events. As a family child care provider, you can tell families about local community services. Keep informed and have web addresses, phone numbers, and contacts for social service agencies and programs in your community handy so you will be ready to assist families when they seek services for themselves and their child.

As a family child care provider, you know the children in your home well and can facilitate helping children build peer relationships and friendships. Some ways to do this include:

• 对孩子们用一个新的乐器轮流。
• 创建小组混合年龄儿童阅读一本书。
• Teach young children to respond to a peer’s request to play.
• 通过将新材料添加到持续的假装在户外游戏活动中延伸游戏。
• Create personalized social stories or scripts to assist children who have difficulty with transitions, new routines, or recalling what happens next. (See examples of social stories from Head Start center for inclusion here:http://headstartinclusion.org/downloads#ready)
• Redirect children when they engage in challenging behavior.
• 玩孩子们必须仔细聆听的游戏（例如，西蒙说）。

DO

Promoting Friendships

友谊技巧开始在幼儿开发并随着时间的推移而变化。幼儿意识到其他孩子，但通常不关心小组发挥活动或交朋友。即使在使用相同的玩具时，它们通常也会在其他孩子旁边玩。

亚慱彩票学龄前儿童刚刚开始了解如何成为朋友以及与其他孩子合作发挥的意义。他们可以维持小组游戏和播放脚本。他们开始形成可能携带育儿外面的友谊（例如，在某人的播放家中）。

学龄儿童更加吸引对同龄人，通常喜欢和他人一起玩。他们喜欢合作游戏，竞争游戏，运动，参加生日派对，以及他们倾向于其他有类似兴趣的儿童。他们喜欢与学校以外的朋友和育儿设置会面。一些年龄较大的学龄儿童在特殊兴趣俱乐部与朋友聚会。随着儿童成熟，友谊变得越来越重要。

As a family child care provider, you can use many activities to promote friendship skills among the children in your care:

• Include plenty of toys and materials that promote social interactions (e.g., dress-up clothes, blocks, balls, puppets, cars, trucks, and board games).
• Arrange play areas so more than two children can play together (or side by side).
• Read books about friends, cooperation, helping each other, emotions, and empathy.
• 在惯例中练习共享和转向，在零食（小吃，午餐，小组会议时间）。
• Ask children to help or compliment one another during the day. Model this behavior, and ask older children to assist younger children with tasks.
• Include the shared interests of children in areas of your home (e.g., if a child is interested in polished rocks, place some in a basket in a play area). Have her teach another child what she knows about different types of rocks.
• Model talking about your own emotions and support children when they share their emotions. This may feel strange at first, but gets easier as you do it, “I feel disappointed because the weather forecast says it is supposed to rain a lot today, and I wanted to take us all to the farmers’ market.”
• 提出建议小群体的儿童play themes or what they might want to create as a group project. “I can see that several of you are interested in the types of birds that come to our bird feeder. Let’s start a project and document the types of birds we see each day.”
• Include outdoor play equipment and toys that involve children working together (wagon, sand toys, etc.).

Some children may need extra encouragement from you to learn to play with another child. You will have to teach the child to take turns, ask for a turn, take on a role in a play scheme, etc. Pay close attention and be mindful about when it is good to intervene in the children’s play and when it is better to intentionally stay out of the situation.

Problem-Solving Activities

就像在任何群体中一样，在您的家庭育儿家中可能会出现冲突。亚慱彩票APP冲突或分歧是可教的时刻，为您提供儿童解决问题的能力的机会。这是您可以练习的东西（通常需要重复），儿童作为小组活动的一部分。儿童书籍中的人物通常需要解决问题，并且您可以将这些问题作为示例使用。在阅读或讲故事时，请让孩子们考虑故事中的角色解决问题。允许孩子们讨论想法，也许甚至会将它们写下来并将它们发布，如果他们想到对角色的问题不同的解决方案。

There are many resources that describe how to teach children problem-solving steps. Some caregivers use a peace table to indicate a physical space where children can sit down together and solve a disagreement.

Diane Trister Dodge and her colleagues (2009) recommend using the following sequence or steps for teaching children problem solving:

1. 确定问题。例如，可能有块的儿童建筑正在干扰在地板上玩棋盘游戏的孩子。
2. Brainstorm possible solutions。邀请孩子分享有关如何解决问题的想法。邀请大家建议解决方案。在纸上写下想法，并与孩子们一起过来。
3. 同意解决方案。Restate the children’s ideas and ask them to think about the best way to solve the problem. Make sure everyone has the same understanding of the solution. Clarify any questions.
4. Try the solution和see how well it works. Remember to give the solution enough time to work. If the original solution doesn’t solve the problem, help the children try another idea.

Family Involvement

作为一家家亚慱彩票APP庭护理提供者，您每天都有机会与每个孩子的家人一起沟通（有时简要）。当您计划促进社会情感发展的活动时，家庭是一个很棒的资源。父母最能知道他们的孩子，可以告诉你他们孩子的兴趣，家庭郊游，宠物和其他可以增强与每个孩子的关系的新闻。发布您自己的家庭和您关心的孩子家庭的家庭照片帮助您的家庭温暖和培养。

每天花费时间向您照顾儿童的家庭发言。您与家庭的关系有助于提高孩子的社交情绪发展。你是孩子生命中的重要成年人。孩子们需要在生活（父母和照顾者）中看到重要的成年人恭敬地互相谈论和对待。

Families may want to arrange play dates with other families and get to know one another. It’s important to ask families if they want you to share their contact information with another family.

Planning Experiences and Activities

零到三个有三个优秀的文章ays to support young children’s social-emotional development. At the end of each article is a handout that you can post in your program or share with families. The Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning also has a number of resources to target specific situations, such as:促进积极的同伴社交互动和Using Environmental Strategies to Promote Positive Social Interactions。Review these two sites here:

• https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/series/developing-social-emotional-skills
• http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu/resources/what_works.html

In addition to the above websites, the References & Resources section below (see end of lesson) may be helpful in finding engaging experiences and activities that support all children’s social and emotional development.